TY  - JOUR
T1  - Dentist’s Perception of Training and Service Provision in Restorative Dentistry in Riyadh
A1  - Salman Ahmed Alkahtani
A1  - Hatim Nasser Alsaiari
A1  - Nawaf Saad Alqahtani
A1  - Othman Yousef Bakhsh
A1  - Meshari Saad Alqudairi
A1  - Abdulmalek Dhafer Alwadai
A1  - Badr Soliman AlHussain
JF  - Archives of Pharmacy Practice
JO  - Arch Pharm Pract
SN  - 2320-5210
Y1  - 2021
VL  - 12
IS  - 2
DO  - 10.51847/E8f8JI1FTk
SP  - 118
EP  - 124
N2  - New drug development is a highly regulated and complex process that involves the pharmaceutical industry, academic institutions, and government agencies' collaborative work. In pre-clinical testing, statistics indicate that out of 5000 compounds only five enter and evaluated in human clinical trials, moreover, only one drug is approved for human use. The whole process of drug development takes around $2-2.5 billion and a time of 12-15 years to complete. Around 50 % of investigational compounds fail during the development phase of clinical trials. Despite numerous scientific, technological advancements in research and development, many clinical trials fail to develop new, safe, and effective drugs. Approximately 70% of clinical trials fail in phase 2 whereas; the failure rate of confirmatory trials (phase 3) is around 50%. Tufts center for the study of drug development evaluated the three most common factors behind clinical trial failure- safety, efficacy, and deficient funds. Success-failure of a trial is also associated with other factors like a new molecule, molecular size, and therapeutic efficacy. As drug development involves numerous lives and billions of investments, one failed trial affects the subject’s quality of life by physical/social consequences and huge losses to pharmaceutical companies. To reduce the failure rate, many biopharmaceutical companies have opted or established their own more disciplined protocol, portfolio, and progress review frameworks. These strategies reduce the chances of errors during drug development and help in clinical trials' success rate. 
UR  - https://archivepp.com/article/dentists-perception-of-training-and-service-provision-in-restorative-dentistry-in-riyadh-nevdq30ytiwdyqf
ER  -