Arch Pharm Pract archivepp.com Arch Pharm Pract Archives of Pharmacy Practice 2320-5210 archivepp.com-1101 10.51847/49bwgHlyXx Original research Correlation between Serum Vitamin D Levels, COVID-19 Severity, and Inflammation in Diabetic Patients: A Retrospective Study 06 12 2023 14 4 84 88 Copyright: © 2026 Archives of Pharmacy Practice 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms. A<sc>BSTRACT</sc>

The recent COVID-19 pandemic has created significant health challenges, necessitating the enhancement of our immune systems. Through the modulation of immune response, Vitamin D vitally reduces the risk of infection and minimizes mortality rates. This retrospective study aimed to assess the relationship between the severity of COVID-19 infection in diabetes individuals and their blood vitamin D levels. A total of 2070 COVID-19 patients were split into two groups for this case-control retrospective study: non-diabetic (n=1723) and diabetic (n= 347). Electronic medical records from March to August 2020 obtained from the King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center and Al-Noor Specialist Hospital, Saudi Arabia, were used as the base of the extraction of Demographic and clinical laboratory data. COVID-19 infection was confirmed in all patients through RT-PCR. Serum vitamin D level was measured by automated ELISA. A significant difference (p