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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Arch Pharm Pract</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">archivepp.com</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Arch Pharm Pract</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Archives of Pharmacy Practice</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2320-5210</issn>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">archivepp.com-1260</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.51847/A5cYIK22eM</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Original research</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Translating Algorithmic Uncertainty into Actionable Medication Advice</article-title>
      </title-group>
                    <contrib-group>
                      <contrib contrib-type="author">
              <name>
                <surname>Zayed</surname>
                <given-names>Omar</given-names>
              </name>
                              <xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
                                                            <xref rid="cor1" ref-type="corresp" />
                          </contrib>
                      <contrib contrib-type="author">
              <name>
                <surname>Ibrahim</surname>
                <given-names>Leila</given-names>
              </name>
                              <xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
                                        </contrib>
                      <contrib contrib-type="author">
              <name>
                <surname>Mansour</surname>
                <given-names>Ahmed</given-names>
              </name>
                              <xref rid="aff2" ref-type="aff">2</xref>
                                        </contrib>
                  </contrib-group>
                  <aff id="aff1">
            <label>1</label>Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Uncertainty Communication, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
          </aff>
                  <aff id="aff2">
            <label>2</label>Department of AI Actionability and Medication Advice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
          </aff>
                          <author-notes>
            <corresp id="cor1">
              <bold>Address for correspondence:</bold> Prof. Wael Abu Dayyih, Department of
              Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mutah University, Al-Karak 61710, Jordan.
                              E-mail: <email xlink:href="omar.zayed@cu.edu.eg">omar.zayed@cu.edu.eg</email>
                          </corresp>
          </author-notes>
                    <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>30</day>
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>16</volume>
      <issue>3</issue>
      <fpage>63</fpage>
      <lpage>70</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>
          Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Archives of Pharmacy Practice
        </copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
        <license>
          <ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"
            specific-use="textmining" content-type="ccbyncsalicense">
            https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/</ali:license_ref>
          <license-p>This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of
            the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows
            others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate
            credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <title>A<sc>BSTRACT</sc></title>
        <p>Artificial intelligence can attach probabilities, confidence scores, intervals, disagreement measures, or out-of-distribution signals to medication-related outputs, yet these numerical representations do not independently specify what a pharmacist, prescriber, or patient should do. The problem is not only whether uncertainty is estimated, but whether its source, decision relevance, consequences, and ownership are translated into a proportionate response. This article develops a proposed Uncertainty-Translation Framework for actionable medication advice. The framework separates algorithmic output from medication decision-making through five connected functions: uncertainty characterization; calibration, coverage, data-completeness, and scope checks; interpretation of the affected medication decision; selection of a bounded action class; and recipient-specific communication supported by an auditable governance record. Proposed action classes include proceeding with qualified advice, verifying data, checking an independent source, delaying action, communicating uncertainty, or escalating to an accountable professional. The framework treats these classes as conditional design hypotheses rather than clinical rules. Validation would require technical assessment of calibration and coverage; human-factors testing of comprehension, workload, and inappropriate reliance; evaluation of medication decisions and downstream consequences; subgroup and equity analyses; and prospective governance of versioning, overrides, incidents, and withdrawal. The framework cannot correct biased targets, invalid data, unsuitable model purposes, or deficient professional judgment. Its original contribution is to define uncertainty translation as an intermediate sociotechnical function between prediction and advice while preserving the boundaries between technical performance, clinical usefulness, professional authority, and validated benefit.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
                <kwd>Digital pharmacy</kwd>
                <kwd>Artificial intelligence</kwd>
                <kwd>Pharmacy practice</kwd>
                <kwd>Medication safety</kwd>
                <kwd>Human–AI collaboration</kwd>
                <kwd>Clinical decision support</kwd>
              </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>