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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Arch Pharm Pract</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">archivepp.com</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Arch Pharm Pract</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Archives of Pharmacy Practice</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2320-5210</issn>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">archivepp.com-1220</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.51847/KD0B9l2Yzr</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Original research</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Critical Analysis of Drug-Drug Interactions and Contraindications in Prescriptions of Pregnant Women; Findings from Lahore Pakistan</article-title>
      </title-group>
                    <contrib-group>
                      <contrib contrib-type="author">
              <name>
                <surname>Ramzan</surname>
                <given-names>Taqaddus</given-names>
              </name>
                              <xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
                                        </contrib>
                      <contrib contrib-type="author">
              <name>
                <surname>Shafiq</surname>
                <given-names>Bilal</given-names>
              </name>
                              <xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
                                        </contrib>
                      <contrib contrib-type="author">
              <name>
                <surname>Ashraf</surname>
                <given-names>Osama</given-names>
              </name>
                              <xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
                                        </contrib>
                      <contrib contrib-type="author">
              <name>
                <surname>Asim</surname>
                <given-names>Maheen</given-names>
              </name>
                              <xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
                                        </contrib>
                      <contrib contrib-type="author">
              <name>
                <surname>Alsultan</surname>
                <given-names>Sulaiman Mohammed</given-names>
              </name>
                              <xref rid="aff2" ref-type="aff">2</xref>
                                        </contrib>
                      <contrib contrib-type="author">
              <name>
                <surname>Alhamda</surname>
                <given-names>Yousef Mohammed A</given-names>
              </name>
                              <xref rid="aff3" ref-type="aff">3</xref>
                                        </contrib>
                      <contrib contrib-type="author">
              <name>
                <surname>Ayub</surname>
                <given-names>Fiza</given-names>
              </name>
                              <xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
                                        </contrib>
                      <contrib contrib-type="author">
              <name>
                <surname>Baig</surname>
                <given-names>Mirza Rafi</given-names>
              </name>
                              <xref rid="aff4" ref-type="aff">4</xref>
                                        </contrib>
                      <contrib contrib-type="author">
              <name>
                <surname>Khan</surname>
                <given-names>Tahir Mehmood</given-names>
              </name>
                              <xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
                                                            <xref rid="cor1" ref-type="corresp" />
                          </contrib>
                      <contrib contrib-type="author">
              <name>
                <surname>Bukhsh</surname>
                <given-names>Allah</given-names>
              </name>
                              <xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
                                        </contrib>
                  </contrib-group>
                  <aff id="aff1">
            <label>1</label>Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
          </aff>
                  <aff id="aff2">
            <label>2</label>College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
          </aff>
                  <aff id="aff3">
            <label>3</label>College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim University Medical City, Saudi Arabia.
          </aff>
                  <aff id="aff4">
            <label>4</label>Department of Clinical Pharmacy &amp; Pharmacotherapeutics, Dubai Pharmacy College for Girls, Al Mizhar, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
          </aff>
                          <author-notes>
            <corresp id="cor1">
              <bold>Address for correspondence:</bold> Prof. Wael Abu Dayyih, Department of
              Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mutah University, Al-Karak 61710, Jordan.
                              E-mail: <email xlink:href="tahir.khan@uvas.edu.pk">tahir.khan@uvas.edu.pk</email>
                          </corresp>
          </author-notes>
                    <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>27</day>
        <month>10</month>
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>15</volume>
      <issue>4</issue>
      <fpage>58</fpage>
      <lpage>64</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>
          Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Archives of Pharmacy Practice
        </copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
        <license>
          <ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"
            specific-use="textmining" content-type="ccbyncsalicense">
            https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/</ali:license_ref>
          <license-p>This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of
            the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows
            others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate
            credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <title>A<sc>BSTRACT</sc></title>
        <p>The careful evaluation of drug use during pregnancy is crucial due to its implications for both the mother and the unborn child&amp;#39;s health and well-being. However, Pakistan lacks essential information regarding medication usage during pregnancy, posing significant challenges in ensuring the safety of maternal-fetal health. This study, set to take place in Lahore&amp;#39;s tertiary care facilities, aims to analyze prescriptions for possible drug-drug interactions (DDIs) and contraindications. It&amp;#39;s imperative to tackle the public health risks linked with prescribing medications during pregnancy to improve patient safety. The study was conducted on pregnant women visiting tertiary care government hospitals in Lahore. The data was collected through consecutive sampling from (15-08-2023 to 15-11-2023). A total of 109 prescriptions were collected. The data was analyzed using SPSS for statistical analysis. In a clinical trial involving patients aged between 26 and 30 years, 109 prescriptions revealed diverse levels of drug-drug interactions (DDIs), with 58 interactions documented. The majority of DDIs were classified as minor (21.1%) or moderate (15.6%), except for a single prescription containing severe DDIs. Benefits include comprehensive prescription evaluations and insights into potential hazards, while drawbacks may involve possible bias and challenges in FDA categorization. Overall, the study highlights the significance of assessing medications for pregnant women and enhancing prescription protocols. </p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
                <kwd>Rational use of drug</kwd>
                <kwd>Drug-drug interaction</kwd>
                <kwd>Contraindication</kwd>
                <kwd>Pharmacotherapy</kwd>
                <kwd>Pregnancy</kwd>
              </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>