It is recommended to perform thyroid surgery for many reasons. The most important one is to diagnose thyroid tumors through fine needle biopsy. This method remains the gold standard for evaluating nodules. There has been a significant increase in thyroid carcinoma cases in Russia in the last 15 years. This can be attributed to better and more systematic diagnosis methods that allow the detection of even very small cancers. In addition, tumors from Hurthle-cells warrant surgery, at the very least lobectomy. This is because pathohistological diagnostics is still the most reliable way to distinguish benign tumors from malignant ones. It should be noted that patients should receive proper advice regarding potential complications before any surgical intervention, they should be fully aware of all possible risks. This review looks at mild (seroma) and severe (recurrent neural damage, hypoparathyroidism, bleeding, and seroma) complications that can occur after thyroid surgery. This review examines the possibilities for treatment and prevention of each of these complications.