The main goal of this review is about Respiratory distress syndrome, which starts within hours of delivery, is really a major cause of neonatal respiratory distress; it remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. The following search databases were used PubMed, the Web of Science, Science Direct, EBSCO, and the Cochrane Library. Utilizing Rayyan QCRI, studies papers were screened by title and abstract before being subjected to a full-text evaluation. This review investigates the published literature regarding the diagnosis and management of respiratory distress syndrome. A total of 314 studies were included for title screening. With outco2215 patients with respiratory distress syndrome, according to our study results, respiratory distress syndrome prevalence rates in Saudi Arabia ranged between 5.1% in Jeddah and the highest 84% in Al-Madinah. ARDS is still a leading cause of death and morbidity in children. Clinical outcomes can be improved by applying sound physiologic principles.