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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Arch Pharm Pract</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">archivepp.com</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Arch Pharm Pract</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Archives of Pharmacy Practice</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2320-5210</issn>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">archivepp.com-1105</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.51847/UjhShie6aw</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Original research</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Work-Related Stress: Implications for Physical and Psychological Health among Female Pharmacists Working in Saudi Arabia</article-title>
      </title-group>
                  <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>07</day>
        <month>12</month>
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>14</volume>
      <issue>4</issue>
      <fpage>104</fpage>
      <lpage>113</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>
          Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Archives of Pharmacy Practice
        </copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
        <license>
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            specific-use="textmining" content-type="ccbyncsalicense">
            https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/</ali:license_ref>
          <license-p>This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of
            the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows
            others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate
            credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <title>A<sc>BSTRACT</sc></title>
        <p>Work-related stress has been a major topic for researchers and practitioners working in organizational behavior, psychology, health, and medicine for the past two decades. It has detrimental effects on employees’ well-being and its impacts extend far beyond to affect the organization’s productivity and operational efficiency. This study aims to investigate work-related stress as it is perceived by female pharmacists working in private pharmaceutical settings in Saudi Arabia. This was a cross-sectional study conducted on a convenience sample of female pharmacists working in the private pharmacy sector using A Shortened Stress Evaluation Tool (ASSET) as a pre-validated instrument intended to evaluate employee perceptions of the sources of pressure and the outcomes of work-related stress. A total of 232 female pharmacists participated in the study with a mean age of 26.1 ± 2.4 years, the majority of the respondents being Saudi (90.1%). The mean ASSET score was 105.6 ± 37.4 for stressor perceptions at work (moderate level). In the organizational commitment questionnaire, the calculated mean score was 36.5 ± 10.5 (moderate level). In the health questionnaire, the mean score was 37.3 ± 11.8, which is perceived as poorer health. Female pharmacists working in the private pharmaceutical sector in Saudi Arabia experience a moderate level of stress as part of their current jobs. The result from the mean ASSET score can empower organizations – leaders, and policymakers – to make the changes necessary to improve their work environment, to accommodate their pharmacists’ needs, and thus retain these valuable employees. </p>
      </abstract>
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  </front>
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