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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Arch Pharm Pract</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">archivepp.com</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Arch Pharm Pract</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Archives of Pharmacy Practice</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2320-5210</issn>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">archivepp.com-1298</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.51847/tpZ4jOuoX9</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Original research</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Competence before Confidence in Pharmacist Use of Generative Artificial Intelligence</article-title>
      </title-group>
                    <contrib-group>
                      <contrib contrib-type="author">
              <name>
                <surname>Lahtinen</surname>
                <given-names>Mikko</given-names>
              </name>
                              <xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
                                                            <xref rid="cor1" ref-type="corresp" />
                          </contrib>
                      <contrib contrib-type="author">
              <name>
                <surname>Salo</surname>
                <given-names>Elina</given-names>
              </name>
                              <xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
                                        </contrib>
                      <contrib contrib-type="author">
              <name>
                <surname>Virtanen</surname>
                <given-names>Juhani</given-names>
              </name>
                              <xref rid="aff2" ref-type="aff">2</xref>
                                        </contrib>
                  </contrib-group>
                  <aff id="aff1">
            <label>1</label>Department of Pharmacy Education and Generative AI, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
          </aff>
                  <aff id="aff2">
            <label>2</label>Department of AI Competence and Professional Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
          </aff>
                          <author-notes>
            <corresp id="cor1">
              <bold>Address for correspondence:</bold> Prof. Wael Abu Dayyih, Department of
              Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mutah University, Al-Karak 61710, Jordan.
                              E-mail: <email xlink:href="mikko.lahtinen@helsinki.fi">mikko.lahtinen@helsinki.fi</email>
                          </corresp>
          </author-notes>
                    <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>30</day>
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>16</volume>
      <issue>3</issue>
      <fpage>86</fpage>
      <lpage>93</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>
          Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Archives of Pharmacy Practice
        </copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
        <license>
          <ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"
            specific-use="textmining" content-type="ccbyncsalicense">
            https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/</ali:license_ref>
          <license-p>This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of
            the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows
            others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate
            credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <title>A<sc>BSTRACT</sc></title>
        <p>Generative artificial intelligence is entering pharmacy through medication-information searches, evidence synthesis, documentation, patient communication, clinical reasoning support, safety surveillance, education, and administrative work. Its fluent output can encourage confidence before users have demonstrated the ability to define an appropriate task, verify evidence, recognize errors, communicate uncertainty, and retain professional accountability. This article proposes an original Pharmacist Generative-AI Competency Framework that treats competence as task-specific, observable, context-dependent, and continuously requalifiable. The framework connects authorized pharmacy tasks with nine domains: task framing and authorization; model and data literacy; evidence retrieval and provenance; verification and error recognition; medication safety and uncertainty; human–AI and patient communication; workflow accountability; equity and representation; and monitoring and requalification. Four proposed levels extend from supervised constrained use to critical governance, with advancement controlled by case-based assessment gates rather than self-reported confidence or course completion. The framework distinguishes model performance, pharmacist task performance, pharmacist–AI team performance, workflow consequence, and patient-relevant outcome. It also places individual competence inside organizational conditions such as evidence access, privacy protection, supervision, auditability, incident response, and change control. Validation would require reliable scoring, external assessment across practice settings, medication-safety testing, human-factors evaluation, equity analysis, and longitudinal evidence after model or workflow change. The framework is non-empirical and does not establish clinical benefit, authorization, regulatory acceptance, or deployment readiness. Its contribution is a testable architecture for defining what pharmacists should be able to demonstrate before confidence in generative-AI use is treated as professionally meaningful.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
                <kwd>Digital pharmacy</kwd>
                <kwd>Artificial intelligence</kwd>
                <kwd>Pharmacy practice</kwd>
                <kwd>Medication safety</kwd>
                <kwd>Human–AI collaboration</kwd>
                <kwd>Clinical decision support</kwd>
              </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>