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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Arch Pharm Pract</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">archivepp.com</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Arch Pharm Pract</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Archives of Pharmacy Practice</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2320-5210</issn>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">archivepp.com-1282</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.51847/tzcMgfXH1q</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Original research</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Synthetic Pharmacy Records without Synthetic Certainty</article-title>
      </title-group>
                    <contrib-group>
                      <contrib contrib-type="author">
              <name>
                <surname>Zhao</surname>
                <given-names>Yifan</given-names>
              </name>
                              <xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
                                                            <xref rid="cor1" ref-type="corresp" />
                          </contrib>
                      <contrib contrib-type="author">
              <name>
                <surname>Chen</surname>
                <given-names>Liang</given-names>
              </name>
                              <xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
                                        </contrib>
                      <contrib contrib-type="author">
              <name>
                <surname>Fauzi</surname>
                <given-names>Ahmad</given-names>
              </name>
                              <xref rid="aff2" ref-type="aff">2</xref>
                                        </contrib>
                      <contrib contrib-type="author">
              <name>
                <surname>Hayati</surname>
                <given-names>Nor</given-names>
              </name>
                              <xref rid="aff3" ref-type="aff">3</xref>
                                        </contrib>
                  </contrib-group>
                  <aff id="aff1">
            <label>1</label>Department of Synthetic Data and Pharmacy Records, Faculty of Pharmacy, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
          </aff>
                  <aff id="aff2">
            <label>2</label>Department of Synthetic Certainty and Validation, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
          </aff>
                  <aff id="aff3">
            <label>3</label>Department of Data Quality and AI in Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.
          </aff>
                          <author-notes>
            <corresp id="cor1">
              <bold>Address for correspondence:</bold> Prof. Wael Abu Dayyih, Department of
              Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mutah University, Al-Karak 61710, Jordan.
                              E-mail: <email xlink:href="yifan.zhao@cau.edu.cn">yifan.zhao@cau.edu.cn</email>
                          </corresp>
          </author-notes>
                    <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>30</day>
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>17</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <fpage>39</fpage>
      <lpage>46</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>
          Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Archives of Pharmacy Practice
        </copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
        <license>
          <ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"
            specific-use="textmining" content-type="ccbyncsalicense">
            https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/</ali:license_ref>
          <license-p>This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of
            the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows
            others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate
            credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <title>A<sc>BSTRACT</sc></title>
        <p>Synthetic pharmacy records may widen access to data for software development, education, interoperability testing, and algorithm research, but plausible records can create false confidence when realism is treated as evidence of privacy, fairness, medication safety, or decision readiness. This article develops an original, non-empirical governance architecture for synthetic pharmacy records. The problem is defined as synthetic certainty: the unwarranted conversion of generated plausibility into claims about observed patients, valid clinical relationships, safe workflow use, or authorized downstream decisions. The proposed architecture begins with an intended-use and consequence specification, then connects the source-data envelope, generator configuration and versioning, provenance, separate privacy–fidelity–bias–disclosure controls, independent use-conditioned evaluation, bounded release states, and continuing monitoring, expiry, withdrawal, and supersession. The architecture separates model output from medication decisions, technical performance from clinical usefulness, association from causation, automation from professional authority, and implementation from validated benefit. Evaluation therefore requires structural, temporal, relational, task-specific, privacy, subgroup, human-factors, medication-safety, and organizational evidence selected for the declared use. The contribution is not a validated standard, regulatory pathway, or deployment manual. Its release states and decision gates require empirical calibration across pharmacy settings, populations, data environments, and jurisdictions. The central proposition is that synthetic records should be governed as versioned, purpose-bounded, auditable artifacts whose uncertainty remains attached throughout generation, release, reuse, and withdrawal.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
                <kwd>Digital pharmacy</kwd>
                <kwd>Artificial intelligence</kwd>
                <kwd>Pharmacy practice</kwd>
                <kwd>Medication safety</kwd>
                <kwd>Human–AI collaboration</kwd>
                <kwd>Clinical decision support</kwd>
              </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>