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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Arch Pharm Pract</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">archivepp.com</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Arch Pharm Pract</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Archives of Pharmacy Practice</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2320-5210</issn>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">archivepp.com-1279</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.51847/v5Z0LHHaFi</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Original research</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Representing the Why, When, and Source of Medication Advice in a Pharmacy Knowledge Graph</article-title>
      </title-group>
                    <contrib-group>
                      <contrib contrib-type="author">
              <name>
                <surname>Alvarez</surname>
                <given-names>Mateo</given-names>
              </name>
                              <xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
                                                            <xref rid="cor1" ref-type="corresp" />
                          </contrib>
                      <contrib contrib-type="author">
              <name>
                <surname>Herrera</surname>
                <given-names>Sofia</given-names>
              </name>
                              <xref rid="aff2" ref-type="aff">2</xref>
                                        </contrib>
                      <contrib contrib-type="author">
              <name>
                <surname>Cruz</surname>
                <given-names>Diego</given-names>
              </name>
                              <xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
                                        </contrib>
                      <contrib contrib-type="author">
              <name>
                <surname>Castro</surname>
                <given-names>Andres</given-names>
              </name>
                              <xref rid="aff3" ref-type="aff">3</xref>
                                        </contrib>
                  </contrib-group>
                  <aff id="aff1">
            <label>1</label>Department of Pharmacy Knowledge Graphs and Reasoning, Faculty of Pharmacy, National University of Colombia, Bogota, Colombia.
          </aff>
                  <aff id="aff2">
            <label>2</label>Department of Medication Advice Representation, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
          </aff>
                  <aff id="aff3">
            <label>3</label>Department of AI Provenance and Pharmacy Knowledge, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia.
          </aff>
                          <author-notes>
            <corresp id="cor1">
              <bold>Address for correspondence:</bold> Prof. Wael Abu Dayyih, Department of
              Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mutah University, Al-Karak 61710, Jordan.
                              E-mail: <email xlink:href="mateo.alvarez@unal.edu.co">mateo.alvarez@unal.edu.co</email>
                          </corresp>
          </author-notes>
                    <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>30</day>
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>17</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <fpage>13</fpage>
      <lpage>20</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>
          Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Archives of Pharmacy Practice
        </copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
        <license>
          <ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"
            specific-use="textmining" content-type="ccbyncsalicense">
            https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/</ali:license_ref>
          <license-p>This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of
            the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows
            others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate
            credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <title>A<sc>BSTRACT</sc></title>
        <p>Medication advice is often represented digitally as an isolated recommendation, alert, or relation between a medicine and an action. Such representations may omit why the advice exists, when it applies, which patient or setting qualifies it, and which source or evidence supports it. This article proposes an assertion-centred pharmacy knowledge-graph architecture for representing medication advice as a context-bearing, temporally bounded, provenance-linked knowledge object. The central construct, the Medication Advice Assertion, connects medication identity, action, rationale, intended clinical goal, applicability conditions, temporal scope, source version, evidence item, evidence-strength assessment, contradiction state, responsible agent, and intended-use boundary. The architecture separates extracted associations from normative advice, evidence strength from model confidence, provenance from truth, and technical performance from clinical usefulness. It also proposes qualified relations among assertions, including support, refinement, exception, contradiction, and supersession, so that disagreement is preserved rather than silently overwritten. Evaluation is organized as a sequence of semantic-conformance, identity-resolution, provenance, temporal, applicability, contradiction, technical, workflow, safety, equity, and governance checks. Clinical use would additionally require pharmacist and stakeholder assessment, external validation, human-factors testing, monitoring, and controlled maintenance. The proposed architecture does not establish the correctness of any medication recommendation, clinical benefit, regulatory acceptance, or deployment readiness. Its original contribution is a representational and governance framework for making the why, when, and source of medication advice independently inspectable while preserving professional authority and uncertainty.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
                <kwd>Digital pharmacy</kwd>
                <kwd>Artificial intelligence</kwd>
                <kwd>Pharmacy practice</kwd>
                <kwd>Medication safety</kwd>
                <kwd>Human–AI collaboration</kwd>
                <kwd>Clinical decision suppor</kwd>
              </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>