IL 1α ⁺⁴⁸⁴⁵, IL 1β ⁺³⁹⁵⁴, and TNF α^-308 Gene Polymorphisms in Patients with Aggressive Periodontitis

There is conclusive proof that genetic, bacteriologic, immunologic, and ethnic factors influence the onset of Periodontitis. The study aimed to investigate the role of single nucleotide gene polymorphisms of IL 1α ⁺⁴⁸⁴⁵, IL 1β ⁺³⁹⁵⁴, and TNF α^-308 gene polymorphisms in Sudanese patients with aggressive periodontitis. Among 4.688 patients examined only 95 patients were diagnosed as aggressive periodontitis subjects, and 95 apparently healthy as control. A volume of 5 ml of venous blood was obtained, then preserved in EDTA vacutainers, and was used for genotyping assays using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism technique. The overall prevalence of aggressive periodontitis was 2%. Females had a higher aggressive periodontitis prevalence (1.6%), it is more prevalent among Sudanese from western states (38.9%), also (68.1%) of patients were of African origin. There was a significant correlation in all clinical parameters regarding GI, CAL, PD, and RI in AgP patients and control. The homozygous IL-1α (+ 4845) allele 1 was revealed in 53 (55.8%) of the control group and 16 (16.8%) of the age group. Homozygous allele1 of IL-1β was closely similar between patients and control (47(49.5%), vs 46(48.4%), respectively). Regarding allele 1 and 2 frequency (no statistically significant difference for IL-1β), homozygous allele 2 of TNF-α was more prevalent in the AgP group. A significant correlation was revealed between pocket depth and IL1-α, IL, and TNFα. This study provides a significant clue that the IL-1α and IL-1β gene polymorphisms are correlating with AgP in the Sudanese population, the genotype of IL-1α remains a considerable risk factor for AgP. The study revealed a high prevalence rate of aggressive periodontitis (2%), and it is a significantly age-, gender-, and ethnic-associated disease.