Neonatal jaundice is a common clinical condition in the neonatal age, most frequently in the first week of life. It manifests due to different physiological and pathological phenomena related to the metabolism process of bilirubin. Data from Saudi Arabia identifies physiological jaundice as the most common cause in the region, followed by indirect hyperbilirubinemia, early onset jaundice, direct hyperbilirubinemia, and persistent hyperbilirubinemia jaundice. Early recognition and prompt treatment of the condition are crucial to evade serious complications and promote the neonate’s health. The present study reviewed the literature searching for the etiology of neonatal jaundice, diagnosis, risk factors, and management of this disease. PubMed database was used for articles selection, and gathered papers had undergone a thorough review. Jaundice in newborns is rather common and can be caused by a variety of factors. Many doctors believe that infant jaundice is a minor condition, but it is a severe condition that can cause irreversible brain damage. Everyone in the field of neonatology should be aware of this. Furthermore, parent education is critical and to those in the field of neonatology.
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