The urinary tract infection (UTI) counts for many visits to the primary health clinic. It occurs across different age groups and genders with variable rates, nevertheless it spares no one. Knowing this condition from its presentation to management is the key factor for a competent family physician. We aim to review literature searching for the etiology of urinary tract infection, risk factors, diagnosis, clinical presentation, and management regarding this disease. PubMed database was used for articles selection, and the chosen papers had gone through a thorough review. To sum up, most urinary tract infection (UTI) cases can be managed in primary health care clinics. However, understanding the alarming signs and red flags facilitate the process of referral and provides the patients with the best possible care without overwhelming the health care system. Treating the UTI condition is usually done by prescribing proper antibiotics and monitoring the improvement via scheduled appointments.
1. Alrasheedy M, Abousada HJ, Abdulhaq MM, Alsayed RA, Alghamdi KA, Alghamdi FD, et al. Prevalence of urinary tract infection in children in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Arch Ital Urol Androl. 2021;93(2):206-10. doi:10.4081/aiua.2021.2.206
2. Alanazi MQ. An evaluation of community-acquired urinary tract infection and appropriateness of treatment in an emergency department in Saudi Arabia. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2018;14:2363-73. doi:10.2147/TCRM.S178855
3. Narimene EK, Zohra SF, Mustapha R. In Vitro Study of the Antimicrobial Effect of Synthesized Copolymer Compounds Against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli strains. Pharmacophore. 2019;10(3):82-8.
4. Ronald A. The etiology of urinary tract infection: traditional and emerging pathogens. Am J Med. 2002;113(1):14-9. doi:10.1016/s0002-9343(02)01055-0
5. Kalani L, Rashidi N, Mehranfard S, Bahrami H, Majidipour N, Moghaddam AS, et al. Epidemiology of the Urinary Stones: A 6-Year Retrospective Study at Dezful-Iran. Int J Pharm Phytopharmacol Res. 2020;10(4):79-85.
6. Gallagher DJ, Montgomerie JZ, North JD. Acute infections of the urinary tract and the urethral syndrome in general practice. Br Med J. 1965;1(5435):622-6. doi:10.1136/bmj.1.5435.622
7. Michels TC, Sands JE. Dysuria: Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis in Adults. Am Fam Physician. 2015;92(9):778-86.
8. Wagenlehner FME, Hoyme U, Kaase M, Fünfstück R, Naber KG, Schmiemann G. Uncomplicated urinary tract infections. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2011;108(24):415-23. doi:10.3238/arztebl.2011.0415
9. Nicolle LE. Complicated urinary tract infection in adults. Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol. 2005;16(6):349-60. doi:10.1155/2005/385768
10. Najar MS, Saldanha CL, Banday KA. Approach to urinary tract infections. Indian J Nephrol. 2009;19(4):129-39. doi:10.4103/0971-4065.59333
11. Tan CW, Chlebicki MP. Urinary tract infections in adults. Singapore Med J. 2016;57(9):485-90. doi:10.11622/smedj.2016153
12. Grabe M, Bjerklund-Johansen T, Botto H. EAU Guidelines. Edn. presented at the EAU Annual Congress Milan Italy 2021. Published online 2021. https://uroweb.org/wp-content/uploads/EAU-Guidelines-on-Urological-infections-2021.pdf
Copyright © 2024 Archives of Pharmacy Practice. Authors retain copyright of their article if they are accepted for publication.
Developed by Archives of Pharmacy Practice