Assessment of Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Diseases among Adults and Geriatrics, Bangalore, India

Objective: The study was designed to assess the various risk factors associated with cardiovascular diseases among the adult and geriatric patients, to assess the most common type of cardiovascular diseases in these patients, to identify the number of patients who are at risk of developing cardiovascular disease in next 10 years by using JBS3 scale and to provide patient information leaflets to guide the patients in managing the risk factors and counsel the patients. Methodology: A hospital based observational study was carried out at St. Philomena′s hospital located in Bangalore. Ethical committee clearance was obtained from the hospital before initiating the study. All In-patient and Outpatient of both genders who are presented with any one of the risk factors of cardiovascular disease, with lipid profile data and with age group 18-65 years (Adults) and above 65 years (Geriatrics). All the data including patient’s past medical history, medication history, social history, lab investigations, modifiable risk factors, and non-modifiable risk factors was collected. The medications prescribed were noted, patient counselling and patient information leaflets to guide the patients in managing the risk factors was given. Result: The results of the study showed that the risk factors like stress, diet and family history are more common in adults whereas, risk factors like obesity, physical inactivity, social habits, high Department of Pharmacy Practice, AACP, Bengaluru Phar.D. cholesterol levels, co-morbidities like hypertension, diabetes mellitus and hypothyroidism are more common in geriatrics. However, they are insignificant based on statistical analysis. Out of 161 patients it was found that 40 study subjects had already developed CVD. It was observed that IHD and CCF were the most common cardiovascular disease in the study population in which geriatrics were mostly affected. Among 40 CVD patients the risk factors like high cholesterol, family history, diet, stress is more in adults where as co-morbidities like hypertension, diabetes mellitus and hypothyroidism are higher in geriatrics and risk factors like obesity, social habits, physical inactivity are common in both adults and geriatrics although they were found to be statistically insignificant. By using JBS3 scale it was found that 61 patients are at risk of developing CVD in next 10 years in which geriatric patients are more in number, which is statistically significant. In these patients risk factors like physical inactivity, high cholesterol level, co-morbidities were more common and higher in geriatrics. Conclusion: The risk factors and the risk of developing CVD was more common in geriatrics than adult patients. The results depicted that the risk factors are statistically insignificant whereas the JBS 3 risk assessment was proven to be statistically significant.