Determination of prevalence of cardiovascular complications in end‑stage renal failure patients

Introduction: It is estimated that about 40–50% of all deaths in the end‑stage renal disease patients are of cardiovascular origin. Myocardial infarction (MI), congestive heart failure (CHF), and angina are the three major cardiovascular diseases associated with end‑stage renal failure. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of cardiovascular complications in end‑stage renal failure patients. Subjects and Methods: A retrospective cohort study was designed to determine the development of complications in end‑stage renal failure patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital in Andhra Pradesh, India from January 2012 to June 2015. The mean standard deviation was determined for all categorical variables, and further data analysis was carried out using SPSS software version 20. Results: A total of 190 chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients were included in this study. Of 190 patients, 38.42% were smokers while 66.32%, 69.67%, and 56.48% of them had diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia, respectively. The percentage of end‑stage renal failure patients who developed MI, CHF, and angina were 40%, 21.58%, and 12.11%, respectively while a Framingham risk score ≥30% was recorded in 38.42% patients. Conclusion: This study shows that chronic renal failure accelerates cardiovascular complications, and it is more prominent in patients who have predetermined traditional risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, and smoking. Prevention and treatment of cardiovascular complications are major considerations in the management of individuals with CKD.