Evaluation Role of Intravenous Fluids in Prevention of Acute Kidney Injury

Background: Acute kidney injury is a prevalent condition experienced by hospitalized patients, particularly in critically ill adults. The management of optimal fluid balance is necessary to prevent AKI and this can be challenging in patients with trauma. Objective: The aim of this study was to review the recent literature that has discussed the role of fluids in AKI prevention. Method: PubMed database was used for articles selection, and the following keywords were used in the MeSH: fluids role in acute kidney injury prevention, acute kidney injury and intravenous fluids. The total number of 25 papers were reviewed and included in the review. Conclusion: Optimizing fluid management can improve outcomes and if this is not achieved AKI may occur. Therefore, fluid balance monitoring is fundamental to successful AKI management. Regarding therapeutic intervention, 0.9% saline and buffered crystalloids are all acceptable choices for IV fluid management in critically ill patients. Nevertheless, a potentially harmful effect of increased fluid balance has been shown, in which, it may precipitate rather than alleviating AKI. Moreover, renal recovery in patients with fluid overload is significantly lower.