Novel Formulation for Recombinant Streptokinase by Solid Lipid Nanoparticle: A Light at the End of the Tunnel

Anticoagulants are used to prevent or treat thrombotic diseases. Some antithrombotic drugs like streptokinase (SK) are ones that cause destruction of the clot or thrombosis through fibrinolytic system. These drugs imitate the action of the plasminogen activator enzyme in the body. In this research, we have investigated the potential of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) as the carrier of proteins of thrombolytic factors. The SLNs formula has been developed for use in targeted enzymatic delivery of recombinant streptokinase (rSK) using a combined technique. Response surface method (RSM) has been used to provide the best formula and to analyze the effect of different parameters on the efficiency of the SLN-rSK formula. According to the results of optimal formulation conditions for SLN-rSK preparation, lipid concentration is 0.5 mg/ml, surfactant ratio 0.5, rSK concentration 4 mg/ml, homogenization time 20 minutes and speed set at 20,000 rpm. The formulation properties analyzed by SEM showed that the SLN-rSK formula had a spiral appearance (<60 nm) and entrapment efficiency percentage (EE%) 67.3%. Structural integrity was approved by SDS-PAGE. In terms of protein structure, no significant change was observed between the formulation of streptokinase and SLN-rSK. In addition, the ability of SLN-rSK was statistically greater than that of streptokinase. It seems that the high enzymatic activity of the SLN-rSK could be a desirable way to deliver bioactive macromolecules with the SLN. Therefore, rSK-SLN was shown to have an effective, stable and non-cytotoxic formula and can be used for non-thrombolytic drug administration.