Archive \ Volume.14 2023 Issue 4

Depression, Anxiety, and Low Self-Esteem Dynamics in Pregnancy During the SARS-COV2 Pandemic

Gheorghe Mihail Banariu , Cristian Delcea , Alexandru George-Cătălin , Irina Tica , Mihaela Rus , George Neagoe , Silvia Onuc , Doina Chioran , Iosif Ilia , Ana Simona Bululoi , Vlad Iustin Tica

Abstract

Pregnancy profoundly affects several aspects of a woman's life in today's society. Mental and physical health have different incidences among pregnant women, and they also have a higher risk for certain psychological conditions. Starting from the group's psychological profiler and clinical psychologist, we chose a set of questioners and analyzed a group of pregnant women enrolled in the pregnancy follow-up program by their family doctor/G.P. Starting from the test-retest method, we analyzed pregnancy from several psychological perspectives (depression, anxiety, and self-esteem) and set out to determine these fluctuations by trimester of pregnancy. We chose the test and retest method to establish the initial level of depression, anxiety, and self-esteem and applied the questionnaires in each trimester, trying to apply them in the midweek (+/- 1 week) for each participant. All tests and questions indicated statistically significant increases of a worrying magnitude. An immediate priority of the scientific community should be collecting high-quality data on the mental health effects of the COVID-19 pandemic across the whole population and especially vulnerable groups such as pregnant women who were presented in this study.


Downloads: 218
Views: 1397

How to cite:
Vancouver
Banariu GM, Delcea C, George-Cătălin A, Tica I, Rus M, Neagoe G, et al. Depression, Anxiety, and Low Self-Esteem Dynamics in Pregnancy During the SARS-COV2 Pandemic. Arch Pharm Pract. 2023;14(4):149-54. https://doi.org/10.51847/44DaUyxnO1
APA
Banariu, G. M., Delcea, C., George-Cătălin, A., Tica, I., Rus, M., Neagoe, G., Onuc, S., Chioran, D., Ilia, I., Bululoi, A. S., et al. (2023). Depression, Anxiety, and Low Self-Esteem Dynamics in Pregnancy During the SARS-COV2 Pandemic. Archives of Pharmacy Practice, 14(4), 149-154. https://doi.org/10.51847/44DaUyxnO1

Download Citation
References
  1. Figueroa CA, Aguilera A. The Need for a Mental Health Technology Revolution in the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Psychiatry. 2020;11:523.
  2. Rodríguez-Rey R, Garrido-Hernansaiz H, Collado S. Psychological Impact and Associated Factors During the Initial Stage of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic Among the General Population in Spain. Front Psychol. 2020;11:1540.
  3. Balsamo M, Carlucci L. Italians on the Age of COVID-19: The Self-Reported Depressive Symptoms Through Web-Based Survey. Front Psychol. 2020;11:569276.
  4. Abdelhafiz AS, Alorabi M. Social Stigma: The Hidden Threat of COVID-19. Front Public Health. 2020;8:429.
  5. Ozamiz-Etxebarria N, Idoiaga Mondragon N, Dosil Santamaría M, Picaza Gorrotxategi M. Psychological Symptoms During the Two Stages of Lockdown in Response to the COVID-19 Outbreak: An Investigation in a Sample of Citizens in Northern Spain. Front Psychol. 2020;11:1491. 
  6. Banariu GM, Delcea C, Tica I, Rus M, Neagoe G, Onuc S, et al. Covid-19 a potent cocktail with associated mental problems: the psychosomatic effects in pregnant women-an interdisciplinary approach. Rom J Leg Med. 2022;30:325-30. doi:10.4323/rjlm.2022.325
  7. Miclutia IV, Milhem Z, Bonea M, Delcea C. Impact of Covid-19 pandemic on sexual behavior. Rom J Leg Med. 2022;30:315-21. doi:10.4323/rjlm.2022.315
  8. Siserman C, Delcea C, Gyorgy M, Crișan C. Forensic perspective of the Covid pandemic impact on the number of victims of violence. Rom J Leg Med. 2022;30(1):8-11.
  9. Freidl EK, Stroeh OM, Elkins RM, Steinberg E, Albano AM, Rynn M. Assessment and Treatment of Anxiety Among Children and Adolescents. Focus. 2017;15(2):144-56.
  10. Banariu GM, Tica I, Rus M, Onuc S, Sasu DA, Neagoe G, et al. Distribution of Depression among Different Groups and Sub-Groups of Women during the Covid Pandemic an Analysis from an Interdisciplinary Perspective. Roman J Leg Med. 2022:100-6. doi:10.4323/rjlm.2022.100
  11. Rus M, Enache A, Călin MF, Sandu ML, Delcea C. Burnout Effect Impact Over Medical Staff During Actual Covid-19 Pandemic Context. Rom J Leg Med. 2021;29(3):227-3. doi:10.4323/rjlm.2021.379
  12. Delcea C, Siserman C. The Emotional Impact of Covid-19 On Forensic Staff. Rom J Leg Med. 2021;29(1):142-6. doi:10.4323/rjlm.2021.142
  13. Rus M, Matei R, Sandu ML, Delcea C, Siserman C. Emotional distress and coping strategies of health care workers during COVID-19 pandemic. Rom J Leg Med. 2020;28:442-50. doi:10.4323/rjlm.2020.442
  14. Delcea C, Chirilă VI, Săuchea AM. Effects of COVID-19 on sexual life–a meta-analysis. Sexologies. 2021;30(1):e49-54. doi:10.1016/j.sexol.2020.12.001
  15. Siserman C, Delcea C, Matei HV, Vică ML. Major affective distress in testing forensic paternity. Rom J Leg Med. 2019;27(3):292-6. doi:10.4323/rjlm.2019.292
  16. Soldin OP, Tractenberg RE, Hollowell JG, Jonklaas J, Janicic N, Soldin SJ. Trimester-specific changes in maternal thyroid hormone, thyrotropin, and thyroglobulin concentrations during gestation: trends and associations across trimesters in iodine sufficiency. Thyroid. 2004;14(12):1084-90. doi:10.1089/thy.2004.14.1084
  17. Delcea C, Rad D, Toderici OF, Bululoi AS. Posttraumatic Growth, Maladaptive Cognitive Schemas and Psychological Distress in Individuals Involved in Road Traffic Accidents-A Conservation of Resources Theory Perspective. Healthcare (Basel). 2023;11(22):2959. doi:10.3390/healthcare11222959
  18. Schock H, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, Lundin E, Grankvist K, Lakso HÅ, Idahl A, et al. Hormone concentrations throughout uncomplicated pregnancies: a longitudinal study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2016;16(1):146. doi:10.1186/s12884-016-0937-5
  19. Zhang Y, Ma ZF. Psychological responses and lifestyle changes among pregnant women with respect to the early stages of COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2021;67(4):344-50. doi:10.1177/0020764020952116
  20. Costa ECV, Castanheira E, Moreira L, Correia P, Ribeiro D, Graça Pereira M. Predictors of emotional distress in pregnant women: the mediating role of relationship intimacy. J Ment Health. 2020;29(2):152-60. doi:10.1080/09638237.2017.1417545
  21. Hadjipavlou G, Hernandez C, Ogrodniczuk J. Psychotherapy in Contemporary Psychiatric Practice. Can J Psychiatry. 2015;60(6):294-300.
  22. Galea-Holhoș LB, Delcea C, Siserman CV, Ciocan V. Age Estimation of Human Remains Using the Dental System: A Review. Ann Dent Spec. 2023;11(3):14-8. doi:10.51847/YAvWbKgJs8
  23. Vartolomei L, Cotruș A, Stanciu C, Delcea C, Tozzi M, Lievore E, et al. Quality of Life and Psychological Distress among Patients with Small Renal Masses. J Clin Med. 2022;11(14):3944.  doi:10.3390/jcm11143944
  24. Storch EA, Roberti JW, Roth DA. Factor structure, concurrent validity, and internal consistency of the Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition in a sample of college students. Depress Anxiety. 2004;19(3):187-9. doi:10.1002/da.20002
  25. Osman A, Kopper BA, Barrios F, Gutierrez PM, Bagge CL. Reliability and validity of the Beck depression inventory--II with adolescent psychiatric inpatients. Psychol Assess. 2004;16(2):120-32. doi:10.1037/1040-3590.16.2.120
  26. Benedict RH, Fishman I, McClellan MM, Bakshi R, Weinstock-Guttman B. Validity of the Beck Depression Inventory-Fast Screen in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler. 2003;9(4):393-6. doi:10.1191/1352458503ms902oa
  27. Nicoară ND, Marian P, Petriș AO, Delcea C, Manole F. A Review of The Role of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy on Anxiety Disorders of Children And Adolescents. Pharmacophore. 2023;14(4):35-9. doi:10.51847/lKULo5pB1T
  28. Shear MK, Vander Bilt J, Rucci P, Endicott J, Lydiard B, Otto MW, et al. Reliability and validity of a structured interview guide for the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (SIGH-A). Depress Anxiety. 2001;13(4):166-78. doi:10.1002/da.1033
  29. Clark DB, Donovan JE. Reliability and validity of the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale in an adolescent sample. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1994;33(3):354-60. doi:10.1097/00004583-199403000-00009
  30. Griffiths RA, Beumont PJ, Giannakopoulos E, Russell J, Schotte D, Thornton C, et al. Measuring self-esteem in dieting disordered patients: the validity of the Rosenberg and Coopersmith contrasted. Int J Eat Disord. 1999;25(2):227-31. doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-108x(199903)25:2<227::aid-eat13>3.0.co;2-4
  31. Francis LJ, Wilcox C. Self-esteem: Coopersmith and Rosenberg compared. Psychol Rep. 1995;76(3):1050. doi:10.2466/pr0.1995.76.3.1050
  32. García JA, Y Olmos FC, Matheu ML, Carreño TP. Self esteem levels vs global scores on the Rosenberg self-esteem scale. Heliyon. 2019;5(3):e01378.
  33. Donnellan MB, Ackerman RA, Brecheen C. Extending structural analyses of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale to consider criterion-related validity: Can composite self-esteem scores be good enough?. J Pers Assess. 2016;98(2):169-77. doi:10.1080/00223891.2015.1058268
  34. Ghanbari E, Yektatalab S, Mehrabi M. Effects of Psychoeducational Interventions Using Mobile Apps and Mobile-Based Online Group Discussions on Anxiety and Self-Esteem in Women with Breast Cancer: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2021;9(5):e19262.
  35. Gherman C, Enache A, Delcea C. The multi-factorial determinism of forensic expertise regarding sentence interruption on medical grounds and decision. J Forensic Leg Med. 2019;61:45-55. doi:10.1016/j.jflm.2018.10.005
  36. Siserman C, Giredea C, Delcea C. The Comorbidity of Paraphilic Disorders and Rape In Individuals Incarcerated For Sexual Offences. Rom J Leg Med. 2020;28(3):278-82. doi:10.4323/rjlm.2020.278
  37. Siserman C, Gyorgy M, Delcea C. Predictive Factors of Violent Crime. Roman J Leg Med. 2022;30(3):196-9. doi:10.4323/rjlm.2022.196
  38. Delcea C. Construction, Validation, and Standardization of the Sexual S-On Application. Int J Sex Health. 2022;34:196-9. doi:10.1080/19317611.2022.2017618
  39. Siserman C, Delcea C, Matei HV, Vică ML. Major affective distress in testing forensic paternity. Rom J Leg Med. 2019;27(3):292-6.
  40. Delcea C, Bululoi AS, Gyorgy M, Rad D. Psychological Distress Prediction Based on Maladaptive Cognitive Schemas and Anxiety with Random Forest Regression Algorithm. Pharmacophore. 2023;14(5):62-9. https://doi.org/10.51847/UKRB1PaFyV

 

 

 


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.