Major Causes of Gastrointestinal Bleeding Among Patients in Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Observational Study

A significant morbidity and mortality cost on healthcare systems is upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. The current study set out to characterize the upper gastrointestinal bleeding patients' clinical symptoms. 56 participants were included in a retrospective research that was carried out between January 2018 and September 2022. The patients were divided into two categories based on the kind of GIT bleeding: upper and lower gastrointestinal bleeding. The results of the patient's laboratory tests, which included measurements of their blood creatinine, international normalized ratio, aspartate transaminase, alanine aminotransferase, and hemoglobin level, were documented. Results were analyzed using SPSS 23's descriptive statistics. Meleena accounted for half of the 56 patients' documented bleeding, but hematemesis was seen in 48.1% of the patients. The bleeding was primarily caused by peptic ulcers, esophageal varices.

The results of the laboratory tests showed that the afflicted patients had positive HCV and HBV tests, as well as high GPT and GOT levels, which indicated a high incidence of chronic liver disease. It was determined that melena and hematemesis, which are the main causes of bleeding in the current study, are the results of chronic liver disorders mostly caused by HBV.