Archive \ Volume.15 2024 Issue 3

Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of Persea Americana (Mill) Lauraceae Kernel Extracts

Gédéon N. Bongo*✉ , Moise Baya , Emmanuel Moke Lengbiye , Clément Liyongo Inkoto , Aaron Lelo Pambu , Joseph Dipa Tshidibi , Clément Mutunda Mbadiko , Jeff Bekomo Iteku
  1. Mention of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
  2. Service of THA Diagnostics tests, Department of Parasitology, Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
  3. Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroun.
  4. African Center of Excellence for Water and Sanitation, Doctoral School of Life and Earth Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi, Republic of Benin.
  5. Department of Food Science, Faculty of Bioresources and Environmental Sciences, Ishikawa Prefectural University, 1-308, Suematsu, Nonoich, Ishikawa, 921-8836, Japan.

Abstract

Nowadays, a large number of aromatic and medicinal plants possess highly significant bioproperties, with numerous applications in medicine, pharmacy, cosmetology, and agriculture. This work aimed to conduct a phytochemical screening and assay of phytomarkers with biopharmaceutical potential and to assess the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of Persea americana Mill. kernel extracts in vitro.

P. americana plant samples were collected in May 2017 in Kinshasa. Three standard strains were selected namely Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, and Pseudomonas aeroginosa ATCC 9027 for microbiological assays. The phytomarker assay was used to detect total polyphenols, and the antibacterial activity was determined using the solid diffusion method on the Mueller Hinton medium to establish the minimal inhibitory concentration. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by the DPPH, ABTS, and Phosphomolybdate techniques. The findings showed that P. americana kernels contain secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, polyphenols, alkaloids, tannins, and triterpenoids, which may confer interesting biological activities. Quantitative phytomarker analysis of P. americana extracts showed a concentration of 69.70±3.07 mg/QE of total polyphenols and 27.53±1.15 mg/QE of flavonoids. All the extracts tested had low antibacterial activity against the three strains tested. However, the methanolic extract showed better antioxidant activity. In view of the IC50 values of our various fractions, it is clear that P. americana kernels possess interesting antioxidant properties.  


Downloads: 25
Views: 59

How to cite:
Vancouver
Bongo GN, Baya M, Lengbiye EM, Inkoto CL, Pambu AL, Tshidibi JD, et al. Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of Persea Americana (Mill) Lauraceae Kernel Extracts. Arch Pharm Pract. 2024;15(3):1-6. https://doi.org/10.51847/CAqgzzZXQ0
APA
Bongo, G. N., Baya, M., Lengbiye, E. M., Inkoto, C. L., Pambu, A. L., Tshidibi, J. D., Mbadiko, C. M., & Iteku, J. B. (2024). Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of Persea Americana (Mill) Lauraceae Kernel Extracts. Archives of Pharmacy Practice, 15(3), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.51847/CAqgzzZXQ0

Download Citation
References
  1. Ngbolua KN, Bongo GN, Inkoto CL, Ashande CM, Lufuluabo GL, Mukiza J, et al. A mini-review on the phytochemistry and pharmacology of the medicinal plant species Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae). Disc Phytomed. 2019;6(3):102-11.
  2. Riaz M, Khalid R, Afzal M, Anjum F, Fatima H, Zia S, et al. Phytobioactive compounds as therapeutic agents for human diseases: A review. Food Sci Nutr. 2023;11(6):2500-29. doi:10.1002/fsn3.3308
  3. Vaou N, Stavropoulou E, Voidarou C, Tsigalou C, Bezirtzoglou E. Towards advances in medicinal plant antimicrobial activity: A review study on challenges and future perspectives. Microorganisms. 2021;9(10):2041. doi:10.3390/microorganisms9102041
  4. Bongo G, Inkoto C, Masengo C, Tshiama C, Lengbiye E, Kapepula M, et al. Antisickling, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of afromomum alboviolaceum (Ridley) K. schum, annona senegalensis Pers. and mondia whitei (Hook. f.) Skeels. Am J Lab Med. 2017;2(4):52-9. doi:10.11648/j.ajlm.20170204.13
  5. Bongo GN, Tuntufye HN, Malakalinga J, Ngbolua KN, Pambu AL, Tshiama C, et al. Anti-mycobacterial activity in Middlebrook 7H10 agar of selected Congolese medicinal plants. Biosc Bioeng. 2018;4(4):68-77.
  6. Roy A, Khan A, Ahmad I, Alghamdi S, Rajab BS, Babalghith AO, et al. Flavonoids a bioactive compound from medicinal plants and its therapeutic applications. Biomed Res Int. 2022;2022:5445291. doi:10.1155/2022/5445291
  7. Hayat J, Akodad M, Moumen A, Baghour M, Skalli A, Ezrari S, et al. Phytochemical screening, polyphenols, flavonoids and tannin content, antioxidant activities and FTIR characterization of Marrubium vulgare L. from 2 different localities of Northeast of Morocco. Heliyon. 2020;6(11):e05609. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon
  8. Nasim N, Sandeep IS, Mohanty S. Plant-derived natural products for drug discovery: Current approaches and prospects. Nucleus (Calcutta). 2022;65(3):399-411. doi:10.1007/s13237-022-00405-3
  9. Pizzino G, Irrera N, Cucinotta M, Pallio G, Mannino F, Arcoraci V, et al. Oxidative stress: Harms and benefits for human health. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2017;2017:8416763. doi:10.1155/2017/8416763
  10. Chaudhary P, Janmeda P, Docea AO, Yeskaliyeva B, Abdull Razis AF, Modu B, et al. Oxidative stress, free radicals and antioxidants: Potential crosstalk in the pathophysiology of human diseases. Front Chem. 2023;11:1158198. doi:10.3389/fchem.2023.1158198
  11. Hajam YA, Rani R, Ganie SY, Sheikh TA, Javaid D, Qadri SS, et al. Oxidative stress in human pathology and aging: Molecular mechanisms and perspectives. Cells. 2022;11(3):552. doi:10.3390/cells11030552
  12. Chandran R, Abrahamse H. Identifying plant-based natural medicine against oxidative stress and neurodegenerative disorders. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2020;2020:8648742. doi:10.1155/2020/8648742
  13. Talib WH, Al-Ataby IA, Mahmod AI, Jawarneh S, Al Kury LT, Al-Yasari IH. The impact of herbal infusion consumption on oxidative stress and cancer: The good, the bad, the misunderstood. Molecules. 2020;25(18):4207. doi:10.3390/molecules25184207
  14. Salehi B, Azzini E, Zucca P, Maria Varoni E, V. Anil Kumar N, Dini L, et al. Plant-derived bioactives and oxidative stress-related disorders: A key trend towards healthy aging and longevity promotion. Appl Sci. 2020;10(3):947. doi:10.3390/app10030947
  15. Inkoto CL, Bongo GN, Kapepula PM, Masengo CA, Gbolo BZ, Tshiama C, et al. Microscopic features and chromatographic fingerprints of selected Congolese medicinal plants: Aframomum alboviolaceum (Ridley) K. Schum, Annona senegalensis Pers. and Mondia whitei (Hook.f.) Skeels. Emerg Life Sci Res. 2017;4(1):1-10.
  16. Bongo G, Tuntufye H, Ngbolua KN, Malakalinga J, Tshiama C, Pambu A, et al. Comparative anti-mycobacterial activity on lowenstein-jensen slants of selected medicinal plants used in the congolese pharmacopeia. J Dis Med Plants. 2017;3(5):88-96. doi:10.11648/j.jdmp.20170305.12
  17. Mbadiko CM, Bongo GN, Ngbolua K, Kasongo SN, Masunda A, Ngombe NK, et al. Phytochemical study and evaluation of the antioxidant activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of hua gabonii. J Adv Pharm Res. 2024;8(1):1-13. doi:10.21608/aprh.2024.225955.1230
  18. Monagas M, Brendler T, Brinckmann J, Dentali S, Gafner S, Giancaspro G, et al. Understanding plant to extract ratios in botanical extracts. Front Pharmacol. 2022;13:981978. doi:10.3389/fphar.2022.981978
  19. Cao-Ngoc P, Leclercq L, Rossi JC, Hertzog J, Tixier AS, Chemat F, et al. Water-based extraction of bioactive principles from blackcurrant leaves and chrysanthellum americanum: A comparative study. Foods. 2020;9(10):1478. doi:10.3390/foods9101478
  20. Dibacto REK, Tchuente BRT, Nguedjo MW, Tientcheu YMT, Nyobe EC, Edoun FLE, et al. Total polyphenol and flavonoid content and antioxidant capacity of some varieties of Persea americana peels consumed in cameroon. Sci World J. 2021;2021:8882594. doi:10.1155/2021/8882594
  21. Tomovska J, Vllasaku I. Phosphomolybdate test method for antioxidant activity in extracts of animal feed. III. Balkan Agriculture Congress, Edirne, Turkey; 2021:1-10.
  22. Kosińska A, Karamać M, Estrella I, Hernández T, Bartolomé B, Dykes GA. Phenolic compound profiles and antioxidant capacity of Persea americana Mill. peels and seeds of two varieties. J Agric Food Chem. 2012,60(18):4613-9. doi:10.1021/jf300090p
  23. Neumann N, Honke M, Povydysh M, Guenther S, Schulze C. Evaluating tannins and flavonoids from traditionally used medicinal plants with biofilm inhibitory effects against MRGN E. coli. Molecules. 2022;27(7):2284. doi:10.3390/molecules27072284
  24. Fraga-Corral M, Otero P, Cassani L, Echave J, Garcia-Oliveira P, Carpena M, et al. Traditional applications of tannin rich extracts supported by scientific data: Chemical composition, bioavailability and bioaccessibility. Foods. 2021;10(2):251. doi:10.3390/foods10020251
  25. Pino JA, Rosado A, Aguero J. Volatile components of avocado (Persea americana Mill.) fruits. J Essent Oil Res. 2000;12(3):377-8. doi:10.1080/10412905.2000.9699539
  26. Scora RW, Scora PE. Leaf oils of two new avocado varieties endemic to Costa Rica. J Essent Oil Res. 1997;10(6):705-7. doi:10.1080/10412905.1998.9701016
  27. Werman MJ, Mokady S, Neeman I. Partial isolation and characterization of a new natural inhibitor of lysyl oxidase from avocado seed oil. J Agri Food Chem. 1990;38(12):2164-8. doi:10.1021/jf00102a013
  28. De Almeida AP, Miranda MM, Simoni IC, Wigg MD, Lagrota MH, Costa SS. Flavonol monoglycosides isolated from the antiviral fractions of Persea americana (Lauraceae) leaf infusion. Phytother Res. 1998;12(8):562-7.
  29. Nagaraj M, Sandhya V, Supriya G, Manju R, Kumari P, Bole S, et al. Antioxidant and antibacterial activity of avocado (Persea gratissima Gaertner.) seed extract. World Appl Sci J. 2010;9(6):695-8.
  30. King-Loeza Y, Ciprian-Macias DA, Cardador-Martinez A, Martin-del-Campo ST, Castaneda-Saucedo MC, Ramirez-Anaya JDP. Functional composition of avocado (Persea americana Mill. Var Hass) pulp, extra virgin oil, and residues is affected by fruit commercial classification. J Agric Food Res. 2023;12:100573.
  31. Flores M, Saravia C, Vergara CE, Avila F, Valdés H, Ortiz-Viedma J. Avocado oil: Characteristics, properties, and applications. Molecules. 2019;24(11):2172. doi:10.3390/molecules24112172
  32. Gross J, Gabai M, Lifshitz A, Sklarz B. Structures of some carotenoids from the pulp of Persea americana. Phytochemistry. 1974;13(9):1917-21. doi:10.1016/0031-9422(74)85115-0
  33. Domergue F, Helms GL, Prusky D, Browse J. Antifungal compounds from idioblast cells isolated from avocado fruits. Phytochem. 2000;54(2):183-9. doi:10.1016/s0031-9422(00)00055-8
  34. Corral-Aguayo RD, Yahia EM, Carrillo-Lopez A, González-Aguilar G. Correlation between some nutritional components and the total antioxidant capacity measured with six different assays in eight horticultural crops. J Agri Food Chem. 2008;56(22):10498-504. doi:10.1021/jf801983r
  35. Ramos-Jerz Mdel R, Villanueva S, Jerz G, Winterhalter P, Deters AM. Persea americana Mill. Seed: Fractionation, characterization, and effects on human keratinocytes and fibroblasts. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013;2013:391247. doi:10.1155/2013/391247
  36. Raj R, Shams R, Pandey VK, Dash KK, Singh P, Bashir O. Barley phytochemicals and health promoting benefits: A comprehensive review. J Agri Food Res. 2023;14:100677. doi:10.1016/j.jafr.2023.100677
  37. Zhao XX, Lin FJ, Li H, Li HB, Wu DT, Geng F, et al. Recent advances in bioactive compounds, health functions, and safety concerns of onion (Allium cepa L.). Front Nutr. 2021;8:669805. doi:10.3389/fnut.2021.669805
  38. Bahrampour N, Mirzababaei A, Hosseininasab D, Abaj F, Clark CCT, Mirzaei K. High intake of dietary phytochemical index may be related to reducing risk of diabetic nephropathy: A case-control study. BMC Nutr. 2023;9(1):14. doi:10.1186/s40795-023-00676-2
  39. Arabshomali A, Bazzazzadehgan S, Mahdi F, Shariat-Madar Z. Potential benefits of antioxidant phytochemicals in type 2 diabetes. Molecules. 2023;28(20):7209. doi:10.3390/molecules28207209
  40. Nikolic P, Mudgil P. The cell wall, cell membrane and virulence factors of Staphylococcus aureus and their role in antibiotic resistance. Microorganisms. 2023;11(2):259. doi:10.3390/microorganisms11020259
  41. Royani A, Hanafi M, Lotulung PDN, Julistiono H, Dinoto A, Manaf A. Analysis of the antibacterial activity and the total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the moringa oleifera leaf extract as an antimicrobial agent against pseudomonas aeruginosa. Scientifica (Cairo). 2023;2023:5782063. doi:10.1155/2023/5782063
  42. Souleymane HD, Djibo AK, Seyni SH, Zakaria O, Botezatu AV, Dinica RM, et al. Phytochemical characterization and in vitro evaluation of the anti-sickle cell activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of two medicinal plants from niger: Flueggea virosa (Roxb. ex Willd.) royle and kigelia africana (Lam.) benth. Plants. 2023;12(20):3522. doi:10.3390/plants12203522
  43. Stagos D. Antioxidant activity of polyphenolic plant extracts. Antioxidants (Basel). 2020;9(1):19. doi:10.3390/antiox9010019
  44. Nwachukwu ID, Sarteshnizi RA, Udenigwe CC, Aluko RE. A concise review of current in vitro chemical and cell-based antioxidant assay methods. Molecules. 2021;26(16):4865. doi:10.3390/molecules26164865
  45. Jan S, Khan MR, Rashid U, Bokhari J. Assessment of antioxidant potential, total phenolics and flavonoids of different solvent fractions of monotheca buxifolia fruit. Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2013;4(5):246-54. doi:10.1016/j.phrp.2013.09.003
  46. Rudrapal M, Khairnar SJ, Khan J, Dukhyil AB, Ansari MA, Alomary MN, et al. Dietary polyphenols and their role in oxidative stress-induced human diseases: Insights into protective effects, antioxidant potentials and mechanism(s) of action. Front Pharmacol. 2022;13:806470. doi:10.3389/fphar.2022.806470
  47. Teterovska R, Sile I, Paulausks A, Kovalcuka L, Koka R, Mauriņa B, et al. The antioxidant activity of wild-growing plants containing phenolic compounds in latvia. Plants (Basel). 2023;12(24):4108. doi:10.3390/plants12244108
  48. Yu M, Gouvinhas I, Rocha J, Barros AIRNA. Phytochemical and antioxidant analysis of medicinal and food plants towards bioactive food and pharmaceutical resources. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):10041. doi:10.1038/s41598-021-89437-4
  49. Agidew MG. Phytochemical analysis of some selected traditional medicinal plants in Ethiopia. Bull Natl Res Cent. 2022;46(1):87. doi:10.1186/s42269-022-00770-

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.